How to generate secure pre-shared keys (PSK) for an IPSec VPN I build VPNs regularly, and one of the problems that comes up regularly is how to exchange PSK's. Some people are happy to exchange them over email, and others not (particularly because of ISO/IEC 27002).

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• The pre-shared key is merely used for authentication, not for encryption! IPsec tunnels rely on the ISAKMP/IKE protocols to exchange the keys for encryption, etc. But before IKE can work, both peers need to authenticate each other (mutual authentication). This is the only part in which the PSKs are used.
• IPsec Pre-Shared Key Generator. PSK Generator provides a secure process to negotiate a 64-byte IPsec Pre-Shared Key (also known as a Shared Secret or PSK) through insecure means, such as email. Note: This page uses client side javascript. It does not transmit any entered or calculated information. Learn more about this PSK Generator.
• The pre-shared key to be encrypted can be configured either as standard, under an ISAKMP key ring, in aggressive mode, or as the group password under an EzVPN server or client setup. This sample configuration details how to set up encryption of both existing and new pre-shared keys.

How to Configure IKEv1 With Preshared Keys

The IKE implementation offers algorithms whose keys vary in length.The key length that you choose is determined by site security. In general,longer keys provide more security than shorter keys.

In this procedure, you generate keys in ASCII format.

These procedures use the system names enigma and partym.Substitute the names of your systems for the names enigma and partym.

Before You Begin

You must become an administrator who is assigned the Network IPsec Managementrights profile. For more information, see Using Your Assigned Administrative Rights in Securing Users and Processes in Oracle Solaris 11.2.

If you administer remotely, see Example 7–1 and How to Remotely Administer ZFS With Secure Shell in Managing Secure Shell Access in Oracle Solaris 11.2 for secure remote login instructions.

1. On each system, create an /etc/inet/ike/config file.

   You can use the /etc/inet/ike/config.sample as a template.

2. Enterrules and global parameters in the ike/config file oneach system.

   The rules and global parameters in this file shouldpermit the IPsec policy in the system's ipsecinit.conf fileto succeed. The following IKEv1 configuration examples work with the ipsecinit.conf examples in How to Secure Network Traffic Between Two Servers With IPsec.

   1. For example, modify the /etc/inet/ike/config fileon the enigma system:
   2. Modify the /etc/inet/ike/config file on the partym system:
3. On each system, verify the syntax of the file.
4. Put the preshared key in the /etc/inet/secret/ike.preshared file on each system.
   1. For example, on the enigma system, the ike.preshared file would appear similar to the following:
   2. On the partym system, the ike.preshared file would appear similar to the following:
5. Enable the IKEv1 service.

When IKEv1 administrators want to refresh the preshared key, they edit the files on the peer systems and restart the in.iked daemon.

First, on every system in the two subnets that uses the preshared key, the administratorchanges the preshared key entry.

Then, the administrator restarts the IKEv1 service on every system.

For information about the options to the pfedit command, see the pfedit(1M) man page.

Next Steps

If you have not completed establishing IPsec policy, return to the IPsec procedure to enableor refresh IPsec policy. For examples of IPsec policy protecting VPNs, see Protecting a VPN With IPsec. For other examples of IPsec policy,see How to Secure Network Traffic Between Two Servers WithIPsec.

Configuring an IKE Policy for Preshared Keys

An IKE policy defines a combinationof security parameters (IKE proposals) to be used during IKE negotiation. It defines a peeraddress, the preshared key for the given peer, and the proposals needed for that connection.During the IKE negotiation, IKE looks for an IKE policy that is the same on both peers. Thepeer that initiates the negotiation sends all its policies to the remote peer, and the remotepeer tries to find a match.

A match is made when both policies from the two peers have a proposal thatcontains the same configured attributes. If the lifetimes are not identical, the shorter lifetimebetween the two policies (from the host and peer) is used. The configured preshared key mustalso match its peer.

You can create multiple, prioritized proposals at each peer to ensure thatat least one proposal will match a remote peer’s proposal.

First, you configure one or more IKE proposals; then you associate theseproposals with an IKE policy. You can also prioritize a list of proposals used by IKE in the policy statement atthe description statement at the ike-peer-address] hierarchy level:

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Configuring the Mode for an IKE Policy

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IKE policy has two modes: aggressive and main. By default, main mode is enabled. Genesis generation x2 serial key. Main mode uses six messages, in three exchanges, toestablish the IKE SA. (These three steps are IKE SA negotiation, a Diffie-Hellmankey exchange, and authentication of the peer.) Main mode also allows a peerto hide its identity.

Aggressive mode also establishes an authenticatedIKE SA and keys. However, aggressive mode uses half the number of messages, has less negotiationpower, and does not provide identity protection. The peer can use the aggressive or main modeto start IKE negotiation; the remote peer accepts the mode sent by the peer.

To configure IKE policy mode, include the aggressive or [edit security ike policy [edit services ipsec-vpn ike policy pre-shared-key statement at the ike-peer-address] hierarchy level:

Associating Proposals with an IKE Policy

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The IKE policy proposal is a list of one or more proposals associated withan IKE policy.

To configure an IKE policy proposal, include the [edit security ike policy proposal-1 and