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When working with Entity Framework Code First the default behavior is to map your POCO classes to tables using a set of conventions baked into EF. Sometimes, however, you cannot or do not want to follow those conventions and need to map entities to something other than what the conventions dictate.

There are two main ways you can configure EF to use something other than conventions, namely annotations or EFs fluent API. The annotations only cover a subset of the fluent API functionality, so there are mapping scenarios that cannot be achieved using annotations. This article is designed to demonstrate how to use the fluent API to configure properties.

Jun 21, 2019 Because John is a mail user in the on-premises environment, the auto-mapping attributes (msExchDelegateListLink/BL) will not be added. Requirement: These attributes have to be manually added to the on-premises mail user object to be synchronized to the cloud by AAD Sync. Syntax Object.keys(obj)Parameters obj The object of which the enumerable's own properties are to be returned. Return value. An array of strings that represent all the enumerable properties of the given object. The default value for the SchemaGen property is FALSE. SchemaGen does not create PRIMARY KEY constraints on the newly created tables. SchemaGen does, however, create FOREIGN KEY constraints in the database if it can find matching sql:relationship and sql:key-fields annotations in the mapping schema and if the key field consists of a single column. The Dictionary class is the abstract parent of any class, such as Hashtable, which maps keys to values. Every key and every value is an object. In any one Dictionary object, every key is associated with at most one value. Given a Dictionary and a key, the associated element can be looked up. Any non-null object can be used as a key and as a value. When to use one to many mapping. Use one to mapping to create 1.N relationship between entities or objects. For example, we have to write two entities i.e. EmployeeEntity and AccountEntity such that multiple accounts can be associated with a single employee, but one single account can not be shared between two or more employees. Do not use the default object ID type Mapping 1 (Source) Entity to N (Central) Entities (Key Mapping) Material ID (external format/ERP). It is possible to map one entity from the source system to several entities in the Central Finance system.

The code first fluent API is most commonly accessed by overriding the OnModelCreating method on your derived DbContext. The following samples are designed to show how to do various tasks with the fluent api and allow you to copy the code out and customize it to suit your model, if you wish to see the model that they can be used with as-is then it is provided at the end of this article.

Model-Wide Settings

Default Schema (EF6 onwards)

Starting with EF6 you can use the HasDefaultSchema method on DbModelBuilder to specify the database schema to use for all tables, stored procedures, etc. This default setting will be overridden for any objects that you explicitly configure a different schema for.

Custom Conventions (EF6 onwards)

Starting with EF6 you can create your own conventions to supplement the ones included in Code First. For more details, see Custom Code First Conventions.

Property Mapping

The Property method is used to configure attributes for each property belonging to an entity or complex type. The Property method is used to obtain a configuration object for a given property. The options on the configuration object are specific to the type being configured; IsUnicode is available only on string properties for example.

Configuring a Primary Key

The Entity Framework convention for primary keys is:

1. Your class defines a property whose name is “ID” or “Id”
2. or a class name followed by “ID” or “Id”

To explicitly set a property to be a primary key, you can use the HasKey method. In the following example, the HasKey method is used to configure the InstructorID primary key on the OfficeAssignment type.

Configuring a Composite Primary Key

The following example configures the DepartmentID and Name properties to be the composite primary key of the Department type.

Switching off Identity for Numeric Primary Keys

The following example sets the DepartmentID property to System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.DatabaseGeneratedOption.None to indicate that the value will not be generated by the database.

Specifying the Maximum Length on a Property

In the following example, the Name property should be no longer than 50 characters. If you make the value longer than 50 characters, you will get a DbEntityValidationException exception. If Code First creates a database from this model it will also set the maximum length of the Name column to 50 characters.

Configuring the Property to be Required

In the following example, the Name property is required. If you do not specify the Name, you will get a DbEntityValidationException exception. If Code First creates a database from this model then the column used to store this property will usually be non-nullable.

Note

In some cases it may not be possible for the column in the database to be non-nullable even though the property is required. For example, when using a TPH inheritance strategy data for multiple types is stored in a single table. If a derived type includes a required property the column cannot be made non-nullable since not all types in the hierarchy will have this property.

Configuring an Index on one or more properties

Note

EF6.1 Onwards Only - The Index attribute was introduced in Entity Framework 6.1. If you are using an earlier version the information in this section does not apply.

Creating indexes isn't natively supported by the Fluent API, but you can make use of the support for IndexAttribute via the Fluent API. Index attributes are processed by including a model annotation on the model that is then turned into an Index in the database later in the pipeline. You can manually add these same annotations using the Fluent API.

The easiest way to do this is to create an instance of IndexAttribute that contains all the settings for the new index. You can then create an instance of IndexAnnotation which is an EF specific type that will convert the IndexAttribute settings into a model annotation that can be stored on the EF model. These can then be passed to the HasColumnAnnotation method on the Fluent API, specifying the name Index for the annotation.

For a complete list of the settings available in IndexAttribute, see the Index section of Code First Data Annotations. This includes customizing the index name, creating unique indexes, and creating multi-column indexes.

You can specify multiple index annotations on a single property by passing an array of IndexAttribute to the constructor of IndexAnnotation.

Specifying Not to Map a CLR Property to a Column in the Database

The following example shows how to specify that a property on a CLR type is not mapped to a column in the database.

Mapping a CLR Property to a Specific Column in the Database

The following example maps the Name CLR property to the DepartmentName database column.

Renaming a Foreign Key That Is Not Defined in the Model

If you choose not to define a foreign key on a CLR type, but want to specify what name it should have in the database, do the following:

Configuring whether a String Property Supports Unicode Content

By default strings are Unicode (nvarchar in SQL Server). You can use the IsUnicode method to specify that a string should be of varchar type.

Configuring the Data Type of a Database Column

The HasColumnType method enables mapping to different representations of the same basic type. Using this method does not enable you to perform any conversion of the data at run time. Note that IsUnicode is the preferred way of setting columns to varchar, as it is database agnostic.

Configuring Properties on a Complex Type

There are two ways to configure scalar properties on a complex type.

You can call Property on ComplexTypeConfiguration.

You can also use the dot notation to access a property of a complex type.

Configuring a Property to Be Used as an Optimistic Concurrency Token

To specify that a property in an entity represents a concurrency token, you can use either the ConcurrencyCheck attribute or the IsConcurrencyToken method.

You can also use the IsRowVersion method to configure the property to be a row version in the database. Setting the property to be a row version automatically configures it to be an optimistic concurrency token.

Type Mapping

Specifying That a Class Is a Complex Type

By convention, a type that has no primary key specified is treated as a complex type. There are some scenarios where Code First will not detect a complex type (for example, if you do have a property called ID, but you do not mean for it to be a primary key). In such cases, you would use the fluent API to explicitly specify that a type is a complex type.

Specifying Not to Map a CLR Entity Type to a Table in the Database

The following example shows how to exclude a CLR type from being mapped to a table in the database.

Mapping an Entity Type to a Specific Table in the Database

All properties of Department will be mapped to columns in a table called t_ Department.

You can also specify the schema name like this:

Mapping the Table-Per-Hierarchy (TPH) Inheritance

In the TPH mapping scenario, all types in an inheritance hierarchy are mapped to a single table. A discriminator column is used to identify the type of each row. When creating your model with Code First, TPH is the default strategy for the types that participate in the inheritance hierarchy. By default, the discriminator column is added to the table with the name “Discriminator” and the CLR type name of each type in the hierarchy is used for the discriminator values. You can modify the default behavior by using the fluent API.

Mapping the Table-Per-Type (TPT) Inheritance

In the TPT mapping scenario, all types are mapped to individual tables. Properties that belong solely to a base type or derived type are stored in a table that maps to that type. Tables that map to derived types also store a foreign key that joins the derived table with the base table.

Mapping the Table-Per-Concrete Class (TPC) Inheritance

In the TPC mapping scenario, all non-abstract types in the hierarchy are mapped to individual tables. The tables that map to the derived classes have no relationship to the table that maps to the base class in the database. All properties of a class, including inherited properties, are mapped to columns of the corresponding table.

Camfrog pro key generator free download. Call the MapInheritedProperties method to configure each derived type. MapInheritedProperties remaps all properties that were inherited from the base class to new columns in the table for the derived class.

Note

Note that because the tables participating in TPC inheritance hierarchy do not share a primary key there will be duplicate entity keys when inserting in tables that are mapped to subclasses if you have database generated values with the same identity seed. To solve this problem you can either specify a different initial seed value for each table or switch off identity on the primary key property. Identity is the default value for integer key properties when working with Code First.

Mapping Properties of an Entity Type to Multiple Tables in the Database (Entity Splitting)

Entity splitting allows the properties of an entity type to be spread across multiple tables. In the following example, the Department entity is split into two tables: Department and DepartmentDetails. Entity splitting uses multiple calls to the Map method to map a subset of properties to a specific table.

Mapping Multiple Entity Types to One Table in the Database (Table Splitting)

The following example maps two entity types that share a primary key to one table.

Mapping an Entity Type to Insert/Update/Delete Stored Procedures (EF6 onwards)

Starting with EF6 you can map an entity to use stored procedures for insert update and delete. For more details see, Code First Insert/Update/Delete Stored Procedures.

Model Used in Samples

The following Code First model is used for the samples on this page. /diablo-3-activation-key-generator-download.html.

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APPLIES TO: SQL Server Azure SQL Database Azure Synapse Analytics (SQL DW) Parallel Data Warehouse

Public Key Cryptography is a form of message secrecy in which a user creates a public key and a private key. The private key is kept secret, whereas the public key can be distributed to others. Although the keys are mathematically related, the private key cannot be easily derived by using the public key. The public key can be used to encrypt data which only the corresponding private key will be able to decrypt. This can be used for encrypting messages to the owner of the private key. Similarly the owner of a private key can encrypt data which can only be decrypted with the public key. This use forms the basis of digital certificates in which information contained in the certificate is encrypted by the owner of a private key, assuring the author of the contents. Since the encrypting and decrypting keys are different they are known as asymmetric keys.

Certificates and asymmetric keys are both ways to use asymmetric encryption. Certificates are often used as containers for asymmetric keys because they can contain more information such as expiry dates and issuers. There is no difference between the two mechanisms for the cryptographic algorithm, and no difference in strength given the same key length. Generally, you use a certificate to encrypt other types of encryption keys in a database, or to sign code modules.

Certificates and asymmetric keys can decrypt data that the other encrypts. Generally, you use asymmetric encryption to encrypt a symmetric key for storage in a database.

A public key does not have a particular format like a certificate would have, and you cannot export it to a file.

Note

SQL Server contains features that enable you to create and manage certificates and keys for use with the server and database. SQL Server cannot be used to create and manage certificates and keys with other applications or in the operating system.

Certificates

A certificate is a digitally signed security object that contains a public (and optionally a private) key for SQL Server. You can use externally generated certificates or SQL Server can generate certificates.

Note

SQL Server certificates comply with the IETF X.509v3 certificate standard.

Certificates are useful because of the option of both exporting and importing keys to X.509 certificate files. The syntax for creating certificates allows for creation options for certificates such as an expiry date.

Generate Key In Object If Does Not Have When Mapping Definition

Using a Certificate in SQL Server

Certificates can be used to help secure connections, in database mirroring, to sign packages and other objects, or to encrypt data or connections. The following table lists additional resources for certificates in SQL Server.

Topic	Description
CREATE CERTIFICATE (Transact-SQL)	Explains the command for creating certificates.
Identify the Source of Packages with Digital Signatures	Shows information about how to use certificates to sign software packages.
Use Certificates for a Database Mirroring Endpoint (Transact-SQL)	Covers information about how to use certificates with Database Mirroring.

Asymmetric Keys

Asymmetric keys are used for securing symmetric keys. They can also be used for limited data encryption and to digitally sign database objects. An asymmetric key consists of a private key and a corresponding public key. For more information about asymmetric keys, see CREATE ASYMMETRIC KEY (Transact-SQL).

Asymmetric keys can be imported from strong name key files, but they cannot be exported. They also do not have expiry options. Asymmetric keys cannot encrypt connections.

Using an Asymmetric Key in SQL Server

Generate Key In Object If Does Not Have When Mapping Software

Asymmetric keys can be used to help secure data or sign plaintext. The following table lists additional resources for asymmetric keys in SQL Server.

Topic	Description
CREATE ASYMMETRIC KEY (Transact-SQL)	Explains the command for creating asymmetric keys.
SIGNBYASYMKEY (Transact-SQL)	Displays the options for signing objects.

Tools

Microsoft provides tools and utilities that will generate certificates and strong name key files. These tools offer a richer amount of flexibility in the key generation process than the SQL Server syntax. You can use these tools to create RSA keys with more complex key lengths and then import them into SQL Server. The following table explains shows where to find these tools.

Generate Key In Object If Does Not Have When Mapping System

Tool	Purpose
makecert	Creates certificates.
sn	Creates strong names for symmetric keys.

Generate Key In Object If Does Not Have When Mapping System

Related Tasks

Generate Key In Object If Does Not Have When Mapping Mean

See Also

Generate Key In Object If Does Not Have When Mapping Worksheet

sys.certificates (Transact-SQL)
Transparent Data Encryption (TDE)